Mold



Jan. 15, 1929. 1,698,836

r W. A. BARTLEY ET AL MOLD Original Filed Dec. 19, 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 ,4 INVENTO Kw? Us); %M4M ATTORNEYS w. A. BARTLEY ET AL Jan. 15, 1929.

"OLD

Original Filed Dec. 19, 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 5 O T N E V m BY a ATTQRNEY5 Patented Jan. 15, 1929.

U N! ED, 5;

1,698,836 PATENTS QEE'ECEL WILLIAM" A. EB ARTLJEY AND ELLIS O. FRIEDMAN, OF OXFORD, NEW JERSEY.

MOLD.

Appli at on an es rt 1% 122 Se E9- Z A Renew d m 2, 1 2.

The present invention relates to a permanent mold for casting metal articles, such for instance sash Weights, and has to do par; ticularly with a molding apparatus which 5 incorporates a plurality of individual molds into a single unitary a pparatusland \vhiclris particularly adapted to tl e rapid and eco nomicalproduction of the cast metal articles in quantity.

n the commercial casting. of: metal articles which must be produced cheaply and in large quantities the use of the sand mold, wherein it was necessary at each casting operation to form the mold with a suitable'pattern and then withdraw the pattern before casting is impracticable for quantity production due to the fact that it is expensiye and is slow, and for these reasons the sand mold is being replaced by permanent molds made of metal such as iron or steel. In the use of permanent molds of this type no patterns are required, the molten metal being poured directly into the mold and suitable provision being made for discharge of the cast article and subsequent return of the mold to the propervcondition for forming a casting. One of the advantages of permanent molds isthe rapidity with which successive casting operationscan'be conducted "0 in a single mold.

For attaining quantityproduction, for instance in thejcasting of ingots. it has been proposed to nest a plurality ol individ ral PGlllltlUQftlillOldH about acon'nnon delivery tronghso that a large quantity of the molten ingot metal from the ladle may be poured at one operation into the delivery trough from whence it will flow into the various molds in. communication with the trough and will thus beformed into ingots. After the molten metal has cooled the nest of individual molds is disa semhled and the ingots removed from the re ,ti-ve molds after which the molds may a he, nested about the delivery trough to receive a fresh charge of molten -metal. This type of casting is of course adapted for accommodating alarge quantity of molten metal at a single pouring operation and, due to the necessity of disassembling individual molds, is not adapted for casting operations which must be repeated at short intervals.

lt lolding apparatus having a plurality of individual molds incorporated into a unitary apparatus and prouided With means for opening the mold to facilitatedischarge of the 2 duet ion of a sin continuous opera on requir minute nicating n ith theye rtical cast articles has been proposed for the castmg of articles such sash ingeightsand the 9 An i oten bi e iqe o sen t of this type is the rather definitely limited number of articles which maybe cast in such a lllOlCllll eaclropeigation. Moldsof this character in present commercial use coinmonly confer of two,inte ifittinparts, mold impressions formed in theiir and with a suitable runner and gates communicating with the individualm d impressions. In practice the mold ss ionis near the'inlet end of the runner invariably fill completely while the remaining mold inipre ons are only palrtiallv filled or have notfreceived any molten metal at all to the difilculty that it immediate a ity the molten. metal into the remote i glciim r sions before it chillsto suchfan extent. at thesemoldscannotbe filled at allto r atl eajst re iie pe y filled; v tlrt s v,iiksirl fille This interior castingsiaref produce I cultv occurseyenWhere the flowof polten metal t'rom the runner into th e jinlliylgluail ale s were by re e e e rag suclras orifices q z thelike. Y I

a, conunercral practice in the production- Ol i' sht f i uiii beri sl' li't lw h r saw te lr r eei s de h 9PT- eral ion ISd W-Q, i i i lt lb pri cipal object of tliis inventipnto a ls ii 'lfil r tiiiolil 0t charism ti'istitiiting aunitary a-mjaratus V 'le operation be brought into our i to w iy e molten metallor may at t sin operation be opened to discharge the linisncd (a sting, and which is of such construction and providedavith V passages and oi siuh hapeandarrangenr l plurality of for-instance as many as five o ht jlnily he siicccs. lll ,cast simultaneou l y, and i w th great rapidity, l the u o te ingd es v m T s and, h

twosections hiny gether solhat it is merely necessary to close or. open. the hinged parts in order to. respectively put the mold into condition for receiving molten metal or to discharge finished castin from the mold. The pouring runner the i old vertical and the individual mold in; -e ssionsconunui -Linssm te Substantially l1Q 'i Ql'3L- liens out oweve to, hat ll fl me d nn t-e t y s l th t th e-cues; e

mold impression is slightly lower than the end which is in communication with the runner. The mold impressions communicate with the fillin runner through restricted passages or gates of cross section, smaller than the cross section of the runner. With this arrangement the flow of metal from the runner into each mold is relatively slow compared to the rate at which molten metal may be introduced into the runner. In operation, therefore, the runner becomes filled withmolten metal substantially at the beginning of the pouring operation and is maintained full until all of the molds are filled. In this way complete filling of the remote molds is insured and also the molds are filled substantially simultaneously and at a substantially uniform rate of flow.

To provide for producing castings in the mold in rap-id succession, the invention eontemplates adequate cooling of the mold. Each section of the apparatus is provided with an adequate supply of cooling fluid, so that the heat derived from the molten metal is rapidly and effectively dissipated. It is an important object of the invention to provide a molding apparatus adapted for continuous operation which will be substantially free from cracking and like defects produced by reason of great temperature differences between the various parts of the mold. In order to effect this condition provision is made for conducting an adequate, supply of cooling fluid into intimate heat exchanging relation with the molten metal in each of the individual mold impressions, the cooling fluid being separated from the molten metal only by a relatively thin wall of iron or similar heat transferring material. With this effective heat transferring arrangement the heat of the molten metal is rapidly and completely dissipated and the metal of the mold is kept at a more nearly uniform ten'iperature throughout with the result that deterioration due to extreme temperature differences avoided.

A'further object of the invention is to provide a mold which permits the ready escape of the air in the mold as the metal is poured in, and which also permits a slight expansion of the mold as the metal solidifies so that the mold will not be subject to undue strains.

A further object of the invention is to provide a simple and effective device for ejecting the casting from the mold when the mold is opened after the metal has solidified.

We have illustrated a preferred embodiment of our invention in which Figure 1 is an elevational view showing a molding apparatus embodying our invention, the apparatus being opened so that the mold impressions may be seen; Figure 2 is a horizontal sectional view of the apparatus when closed to receive molten metal, the view being taken longitudinally of one of the mold im- 1,ees,see

pressions; Figure 3 is a vertical sectional view of the apparatus taken on line 33 of Figure 2; Figure 4: is a sectional view taken on line 4-t of Figure 2 showing the passages for directing the flow of cooling fluid; Figure 5 is a view similar to Figure 1 illustrating a modification; Figure 6 is an elevational view showing an open mold in modified form in which the water-cooling feature is omitted; Figure '2" is a sectional View taken hori- Zontally through Fig. 10 showing the latch; Figure 8 is a section on line 88 of Figure 7 Figure 9 is an elevation of the closed mold loolking from the left of Figure 7 Figure 10 is a side elevation of the closed mold; Figure 11 is a. sectional view on line l1ll of Figure 10 showing one form of ejector; Figure 12 is a similar View of a modified form of ejector; and Figure 13 is a detail view showing a portion of the casting produced in the mold.

Referring to the drawings, particularly to Figs. 1 to l, the molding apparatus embodying my invention comprises two parts 1 and 2 hinged together at 3 so that the parts may be opened into the position shown in Fig. l or may be closed into the position shown in Fig. 2. The material of the respective sections of the apparatus is iron or other suit able metal of this nature. The mold impressions here shown are designed or the production of sash weights and are arfianged one above the other as indicated at 4-, and are slanted sli htly out of horizontal position as shown. The respective sections of the apparatus each contain one half of the complete mold impression and upon closing of the sections into the position indicated in Fig. 2 the partial mold impressions in the respective sections cooperate to form complete molds for a plurality of sash weights, here shown as four in number.

Before closing the surfaces of the molds, the runner and gates are painted with a suitable composition to preventthe molten metal sticking to the molds. The two sec tions are held closed by any suitable clamp applied to the projecting tongues l";

Molten metal is then introduced into the filling runner 5 through the inlet opening or throat 6. Each of the mold impressions l communicates with the filling runner 5 through the medium of a constricted funnelshaped delivery passage or gate 7 having its smaller end adjacent the mold impression 4. The capacity of the filling runner 5 is large relative to that of the funnel-shaped passages 7, with the result that upon introducing molten metal into the filling runner 5 the runner quickly fills and the metal flows from it through each of the funnel-shaped passages into the respective mold impressions l, the runner being maintained full by con tinued pouring. In this fashion all of the molds are filled simultaneously.

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\Vhile the filling runner is preferably vertical, it is under certain concitions pos i lc to successfully operate the apparatus with the lillingtrough 5 horizon al. provided that the restricted passages T are properly de" signed. If these pas are of small cross section and are tapered as shown into funnelshape, it is possible to thus control the flow of molten metal. from the filling runner into the respective mold impressions so that the remote molds are adequately supplied with metal. It will be understood, however, that in order to accomplish this, the shape and proportions of the funnel-shaped passages 7 must be carefully designed so that'the metal as it is introduced into the filling runner 5 will not be unduly taken up by the first molds, with the result that a deficient supply is furnished to the remote molds.

Each of the sections 1 and 2 of the mold is provided with a system of fluid'conveying passages 8 for bringing water or other cooling fluid into intimate heat-transferring re lation with the hot metal introduced into the mold impressions l. The cooling water is admitted at the inlet 9 and by means of baffles 10 is directed in tortuous path through the mold section from whence it issues at the dischar e opening 511. he baffles 10 are so arranged that the cooling liquid flows longitudinally of the section a. number of times equal to the number of castings being made, in this case four. .he cooling liquid flows adjacent each mold impr ssion throughout its entire length and is separated. from it only by a relatively thin conducting wall 12 with the result that a rapid and elfective transfer of heat from the mold during the casting operation is secured. An ample supply of cooling fluid is at all tim s provided and is continually being admitted through the respective sections of the apparatus. o have found thatin an apparatus of this type it is possible to successfully cast many as live sash weights at a single operation and that in continuous operation the apparatus may be employed to carry out ten con'lpletc ca. iug operations every eight minutes.

In Figure l have illustrated a modified form of apparatus in which a greater number of castings. such as for instance eight to twelve, may be successfully formed. In this apparatus the fill ng runner 5 is centrally located and a group of mold impressions 4 is provided at each side of the filling runner. Thus by substantially doubling the length of the apparatus and otherwise utilizing the same construction as heretofore described, it is possible to double the number of castings which may be produced successfully at each operation.

In Figures 612 inclusive, we have illustrated a modified form of mold wherein the water circulation is dispensed with. Molds of this kind cannot be used for the production cooling before itagain reaches the pouring I station, solid molds may be advantageously used. The mold shown is a single mold for producing tive castings at a single pouring.

The mold is shown equipped with an improved form of latch which holds the mold sections closed through the action of a spring, whereby the air contained in the mold when the metal is poured will more readily escape, and which also permits of slight expansion of the mold as the metal solidifies. This latch member comprises a yoke ll pivoted on one of the tongues l, the cross barof the yoke being provided with a hand screw 15, as shown in Fig. 7. Attached to the outer face of the other mold section, in position to overlie, the. other tongue l is a still leaf spring 16. The free end of the spring is normally separated from the face of the tongue P to the extent permitted by a bar or clip. 17 attached to the face of the mold at the base of the tongue 4:. Vvhen the latch is closed in the position shown in Fig. 7, the endof the screw 15 overlies the spring, and by turning the handle of the screw the spring may be compressed almost into contact with the tongue 4 to hold the mold members close together but permit a slight separation. When the metal is poured in the mold the air in the mold will escape between the faces of the two mold sections which are, not machined so as to make an absolutely air,

- tight closure. As the metal expands. on solidifying, the surface metal will be forced into the cracks on each side of the mold impression, thereby forming thin fins on the edges of the casting as indicated at 18 in Fig. 13.

After the casting is removed from the mold the window weights or other articles cast in the mold impressions are broken off from the metal left in the runner and gates of the mold, the tapered form of the gate insuring that the break will be flush with the end of the window weight. After the window weights are separated they are tumbled in a barrel to remove the fins 18, the resulting window weights being solid throughout and with a smooth exterior surface.

For facilitating the ejection of the casting from the mold we preferably provide an ejec-. tor pin of the form shown in Fig. 11 or the form shown in Fig. 12. The ejector shown in Fig. 11 comprises a pin 20 supported in a sleeve 21 which is threaded in the wall of the mold adjacent the runner 5, the inner end of the pin lying flush with the surface of the runner. The pin has a snug sliding fit in the wall of the mold and may be normally held in its outer position by a spring 22 enclosed in the sleeve 21. The. pin projects beyond the end of the sleeve so that it may be readily Lil tapped with a hammer to eject the casting when the mold is open.

The ejector shown in Fig. 12 comprises a sleeve 23 threaded in the wall of the mold and an ejector pin 24 threaded in the sleeve with a thread of quick pitch and provided with a handle similar to the handle of the screw 15. To eject the casting it is only necessary to givea partial turn to the screw 2% to loosen the casting from the mold.

VVhile we have shown our improved latch mechanism and ejectors in connection with the solid mold, it will of course be understood that they are equally applicable to the mold having the water circulation and are in tact used with such molds.

The operation of the apparatus and its principal advantages will be suilieiently um derstood from the foregoing description. One of the further advantages of the mold over the molds previously used in which the runner was horizontal and the molds vertical, is that the impact of the molten metal with the bottom of any cavity into which it runs tends to burn out the metal forming the surface of the cavity, making the article casttherein rough and irregular. If the mold impression of the article to be cast is vertically arranged, a slight burning of the metal will produce imperfect articles, whereas in our arrangement it is the runner which is vertical. The mold may be used until the bottom of the runner is actually burned through.

The present invention provides a molding apparatus intended particularly for the production of a plurality of castings at a single operation and for the production of such castings in continuous operation in rapid succession. The scope of the invention is defined in the appended claims.

We claim:

1. Molding apparatus of the class de scribed comprising cooperating mold sections said sections being hinged together, a plurality'of mold impressions formed in said mold sections, a vertically positioned filling passage formed in said mold sections for refor delivering molten metal from said filling passage into said respective mold impressions.

3. Moldmg apparatus of the class described comprising cooperating mold sections hinged together, permanent mold impressions therein, a filling passage in said mold sections for receiving molten metal, and individual delivery passages permanently in said mold sections for delivering molten metal from said filling passage into said respective mold impressions, said delivery passages being of cross section diminishing from the end of said passage communicating with said filling passage toward the end of said passage opening into the mold impression.

4.. Molding apparatus of the class described comprising cooperating niold sections hinged together, a plurality of mold impressions in said mold sections, a 'vertica ly positioned filling pas ige in said mold se for receiving molten metal, and individual delivery passages communicating with said filling passage at ditierent. heights for delivering molten metal from said filling passage into said respective mold impressions, said delivery passages being of cross section diminishing from the end of said passage communicating with said filling passage toward the end of said passages opening into the respective mold impressions.

5. Molding apparatus of the class described comprising cooperating mold sections hinged together, permanent mold impressions in said mold sections and slanted slightly out of horizontal position, a vertical filling passage in said mold sections for receiving molten metal, and individual delivery passages entering the higher ends of said mold sections and communicating with the said filling passage at different heights.

6. Molding apparatus of the class described comprising a pair of cooperating mold sections hinged together, a plurality of permanent elongated substantially horizontal mold impressi 'ns in said mold sections, a permanent filling passage in said mold sections for receiving molten metal, and permament individual delivery passages in said mold sections for delivering the molten metal from said filling passage into said respective mold impressions, and a fluid containing chamber extending adjacent said mold impressions, bailies in said chamber extending alternately from the opposite walls thereof substantially between the mold impressions to form pa ""ages connected in series whereby cooling finid is brought into heat exchanging relation with each of said mold sections, the temperature of the fiuid being relatively uniform throughout the entire length of each section.

'i'. Molding apparatus of the class described comprising a pair of cooperating mold sections hinged together, permanent mold impressions formed therein, a permanent filling passage formed in said mold sections for ceiving molten metal, individual delivery passages communicating with said filling passage for delivering molten metal from said filling, passage into said respective mold impressions, a fluid containing chamber adjaoent the mold impressions, baffles aranged longitudinally between the mold inipressions in said chamber and extending alternately from opposite Walls thereof, these baflles forming a tortuous passage for cooling fluids, and heat radiating fins arranged on the outer surfaces of the mold sections.

In testimony whereof We afiix our signatures.

VILLIAM A. BARTLEY. ELLIS O. FRIEDMAN. 

